Saturn
Night Sun? Black Star?
Night Sun? Black Star?
Night Sun? Black Star?
Black star seems the opposite of a night sun image. Perhaps the dark dot of Saturn among its rings is connected there. Known since prehistoric times, and in early recorded history Babylonian astronomers systematically observed and recorded the movements of Saturn as the Sun of Night.
Why?
Perhaps so named because Saturn's course appears the steadiest one among the planets and most like the Sun. Its synodic period of all the planets most closely resembles the length of the solar year. Martianus Capella (early 5th century AD) wrote that Saturn’s power “was reckoned to exceed all others according as the size of his circle exceeded theirs.” The roundness, and lack of phases may have played a part. Later it was suggested that Saturn owed its “solar” status to the high position of its orbit, compared to the other naked-eye planets. The Babylonians certainly noticed the comparatively slow and stable pattern of Saturn’s orbit. It most closely approximates the path of the Sun. Saturn’s Babylonian name meant to be firmly in place or “to remain qualitatively constant”.
To the Babylonian mind, a connection between Saturn and Sun might have been reinforced by their joint association with the concept of “righteousness”. Metaphorically this is linked with the idea of steadiness and hence reliability.
Information taken from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298447154_Saturn_as_the_Sun_of_Night_in_Ancient_Near_Eastern_Tradition
Mythologically
Night Sun? Black Star?
Night Sun? Black Star?
In Greek myth, the deity Kronos was believed to have ruled the “golden race” of a past age, as first recorded by the 8th-century BC poet Hesiod. From the Hellenistic period onwards, Saturn was viewed as this god’s planet. Saturn's color would, of course, suit the yellowish color of the sun. Gold would.
At the instigation of his mother, Cronus unmanned his father for having thrown his brothers into Tartarus. Tartarus was the deep abyss that is used as a dungeon of torment and suffering for the wicked and as the prison for the Titans. Out of the blood thus shed sprang up the Furies of vengeance and retribution.
Due to this, the government of the world was taken from Uranus and given to Cronus, who in his turn lost it through Zeus. This was predicted to him by Gaia and Uranus. The Romans identified their Saturnus with the Cronus of the Greeks.
Saturn was a major character in various mythology. Saturn is named after the Roman god of wealth and agriculture; its astronomical symbol (♄) is now said to represent the god's sickle as Father Time. Some stories have Gaia using the sickle to castrate his father Uranus. Other stories focus on harvesting the results of what we have sown.
The Romans considered the god Saturnus the equivalent of the Greek god Cronus. In Hindu astrology, Saturn is known as "Shani" and judges everyone based on the good and bad deeds performed in life. Saturn was the star of truth and justice.
Saturn Facts
Night Sun? Black Star?
Saturn Facts
Four spacecraft have visited Saturn.
Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 and 2, and the Cassini-Huygens mission have all studied the planet. Cassini orbited Saturn from July 2004 until September 2017, sending back a wealth of data about the planet, its moons, and rings.
Saturn is the flattest planet.
Saturn spins so quickly on its axis that the planet flattens itself out into an oblate spheroid.
this is due to its low density and fast rotation. Saturn turns on its axis once every 10 hours and 34 minutes giving it the second-shortest day of any of the solar system’s planets.
Saturn has the most extensive rings in the solar system.
the star of truth and justice
Saturn has more moons than any other planet.
20 new moons were discovered in 2019 bring the total to 82, 3 more than Jupiter.
It is very windy on Saturn. Winds around the equator can be 1,800 kilometers per hour. That's 1,118 miles per hour! On Earth, the fastest winds "only" get to about 400 kilometers per hour. That's about 250 miles per hour.
You cannot stand on Saturn. It is not like Earth. Saturn is made mostly of gases although it may have a core. It has a lot of helium. This is the same kind of gas that you put in balloons.
Saturn goes around the Sun very slowly. A year on Saturn is more than 29 Earth years. Saturn spins on its axis very quickly. A day on Saturn is 10 hours and 14 minutes.
Archetypes
How Many Moons?
Saturn Facts
Saturn reflects our innate desire for structure and order.
Positive Archetypes for Saturn-Capricorn
The Hermit; Wizard; Mage; Authority/Elder; Patriarch/Matriarch; Prime Minister; Superior/Executive-Director/Administrator; Builder; Problem Solver; Strategist; Shrewd Bargainer/Businessperson; Resolute One; and “Father Time".
Negative Archetypes for Saturn-Capricorn
The Antisocial Recluse/Scrooge; Tyrant/Dictator; Curmudgeon; Wet Blanket/Party Pooper; Motivation Killer; Cynic; Bureaucrat/Politician; Ladder Climber;
Power Tripper; Type A Executive; Task Master; and Puppet of Power.
THE SEA-GOAT is Saturn’s most representative symbol.
To me this symbolizes climbing the tallest mountain or going to the depths of the oceans.
Saturn's Rings
How Many Moons?
How Many Moons?
Saturn's rings are thought to be pieces of comets, asteroids, or shattered moons that broke up before they reached the planet, torn apart by Saturn's powerful gravity.
The rings would look mostly white if you looked at them from the cloud tops of Saturn, and interestingly, each ring orbits at a different speed around the planet.
Saturn's ring system extends up to 175,000 miles (282,000 kilometers) from the planet, yet the vertical height is typically about 30 feet (10 meters) in the 5 main rings.
How many rings does Saturn have?
You might be able to see three to seven large rings. With powerful telescopes: 8 rings.
With spacecraft like Cassini orbiting Saturn, ring count rises above 30. The rings do not stand still. Each large ring is made up of many smaller rings.
How Many Moons?
How Many Moons?
How Many Moons?
Saturn has 82 moons and counting.
Fifty-three moons are confirmed and named. Another 29 moons are awaiting confirmation of discovery and official naming.
Saturn's moons range in size from larger than the planet Mercury — the giant moon Titan — to as small as a sports arena. The moons shape, contribute, and even collect material from Saturn's rings and magnetosphere.
Some orbit within Saturn's rings and are called Shepard moons while others are far from Saturn and have unusual orbits. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus. and Neptune have large collections of moons, and as our instruments improve and our spacecraft pass by, we are finding more.
These additions can end up in any sort of orbit and can even move in the opposite direction to the other moons.
Seventeen of Saturn's moons have these reverse or "retrograde" orbits, suggesting they are external additions.
New mapping of the giant planet's upper atmosphere reveals likely reason why it's so hot
New mapping of the giant planet's upper atmosphere reveals likely reason why it's so hot
New mapping of the giant planet's upper atmosphere reveals likely reason why it's so hot
The upper layers in the atmospheres of gas giants - Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune - are hot, just like Earth's. But unlike Earth, the Sun is too far from these outer planets to account for the high temperatures. Their heat source has been one of the great mysteries of planetary science.
New analysis of data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft finds a viable explanation for what is keeping the upper layers of Saturn, and possibly the other gas giants, so hot: auroras at the planet's north and south poles. Electric currents, triggered by interactions between solar winds and charged particles from Saturn's moons, spark the auroras, and heat the upper atmosphere. As with Earth's Northern Lights, studying auroras tells scientists what's happening in the planet's atmosphere.
Scientists are seeking to better able to understand how auroral electric currents heat the upper layers of Saturn's atmosphere and drive winds. The global wind system can distribute this energy. Initially. This energy is deposited near the poles toward the equatorial regions, heating them to twice the temperatures expected from the Sun's heating alone.
Potential for Life?
New mapping of the giant planet's upper atmosphere reveals likely reason why it's so hot
New mapping of the giant planet's upper atmosphere reveals likely reason why it's so hot
Without a solid surface, Saturn isn't likely a place we could ever live. The temperatures, pressures, and materials that characterize this planet are most likely too extreme and volatile for organisms to adapt to.
While the planet Saturn is an unlikely place for living things to take hold, the same is not true of some of its many moons. Satellites, like Enceladus and Titan, home to internal oceans, could possibly support life.
Titan is the only moon in our solar system found with a dense atmosphere and thick cloud cover. In the early 1980s, The Voyager 1 spacecraft analyzed Titan's atmosphere and determined its composition, pressure (1.5 times Earth's atmospheric pressure) and temperature (minus 290 degrees F, or minus 179 C).
Unlike Titan, Enceladus only has a very tenuous atmosphere, so it has no weather or air pressure.
The best location for a base on Enceladus would be close to its "tiger stripes," which are cracks in the surface at the moon's south pole. Here, giant fissures spew plumes of frozen ice particles and cold vapor into space.
Saturn is So Rich in Significance and Meaning - so much more
Saturnial Holiday
Saturnial Holiday
Saturnial Holiday
Saturn was especially celebrated during the festival of Saturnalia each December, perhaps the most famous of the Roman festivals, a time of feasting, role reversals, free speech, gift-giving, and revelry.
The holiday was celebrated with a sacrifice at the Temple of Saturn, in the Roman Forum, and a public banquet, followed by private gift-giving, continual partying, and a carnival atmosphere that overturned Roman social norms: gambling was permitted, and masters provided table service for their slaves as it was seen as a time of liberty for both slaves and freedmen alike.
The day was supposed to be a holiday from all forms of work. Schools were closed, and exercise regimens were suspended. Courts were not in session, so no justice was administered, and no declaration of war could be made. After the public rituals, observances continued at home.
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The poet Catullus called it "the best of days" and we call it Christmas.
Saturn's Core
Saturnial Holiday
Saturnial Holiday
Saturn has a hot interior, reaching 11,700 °C at its core, and it radiates 2.5 times more energy into space than it receives from the Sun.
The examination of Saturn's gravitational moment, in combination with physical models of the interior, has allowed constraints to be placed on the mass of Saturn's core. In 2004, scientists estimated that the core must be 9–22 times the mass of Earth. This is surrounded by a thicker liquid metallic hydrogen layer, followed by a liquid layer of helium-saturated molecular hydrogen that gradually transitions to a gas with increasing altitude. The outermost layer spans 1,000 km and consists of gas.
A mechanism may be generation of heat through the "raining out" of droplets of helium deep in Saturn's interior. As the droplets descend through the lower-density hydrogen, the process releases heat by friction. These descending droplets may have accumulated into a helium shell surrounding the core. Rainfalls of diamonds have been suggested to occur within Saturn, as well as other outer planets.
Planetary and Moon Frequencies
Planetary and Moon Frequencies
Planetary and Moon Frequencies
Saturn emits only low-frequency radio patterns that are blocked by Earth's atmosphere, which make it difficult to study Saturn's rotation from the Earth's surface. In contrast, Jupiter emits radio patterns at higher frequencies that allowed radio astronomers to work out its rotation period before the space age got well under way.
In 2017 astrophysicists converted moons and rings of Saturn into music. The conversion to music is made possible by orbital resonances, which occur when two objects execute different numbers of complete orbits in the same time, so that they keep returning to their initial configuration. The rhythmic gravitational tugs between them keep them locked in a tight repeating pattern which can also be converted directly into musical harmony. "What you hear are the actual frequencies of the moons, shifted into the human hearing range".
"Wherever there is resonance there is music, and no other place in the solar system is more packed with resonances than Saturn," says Matt Russo of the University of Toronto.
Magnetosphere of Saturn
Planetary and Moon Frequencies
Planetary and Moon Frequencies
A magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are affected by that object's magnetic field. It is created by a star or planet with an active interior dynamo.
The magnetosphere of Saturn is the cavity created in the flow of the solar wind by the planet's internally generated magnetic field. Discovered in 1979 by the Pioneer 11 spacecraft, Saturn's magnetosphere is the second largest of any planet in the Solar System after Jupiter. The magnetopause, the boundary between Saturn's magnetosphere and the solar wind, is located at a distance of about 20 Saturn radii from the planet's center, while its magnetotail stretches hundreds of Saturn radii behind it. Cassini instruments also found giant fingers of cold, heavy plasma moving outward from the orbit of Enceladus, while hot and light plasma moves inward between the fingers. The fingers of plasma appear to be a fundamental feature of Saturn’s magnetosphere.
Note: A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist, but below the pressure required to compress it into a solid. This is found in the atmosphere of Saturn.
In Brief:
Saturn is associated with the planet, the god, the zodiac sign of Capricorn, and the 10th house of the astrology chart.
Saturn's Glyph is made up of the cross of matter which represents reality. The cross is placed over the soul. It symbolizes man having a material nature that will reign. The symbol of Saturn is the same as Jupiter, but upside down.
Planet: Saturn is not only a planet with a layered interior but a complete planetary system. From far away, Saturn looks like it has seven large rings. These divide into many fast-moving ringlets. Gravity waves from inside Saturn are ringing the planet’s rings. With over 80 vastly different moons Saturn and its moons deserve closer examination and potential reinterpretation. Saturn is the principle of order and responsibility. The planet connects with lessons for people in managing time and organization.
God: In mythology, Saturn was the son of Uranus. He was able to take the throne from his father. Later Saturn's children took the throne from him and exiled him to the Underground. Saturn represents karma with death and rebirth. Think of “Here comes the Judge”.
Capricorn: Some might call Capricorn “an old goat” but the Capricorn’s symbol is the sea-goat that can climb the heights and swim in the deepest seas. Sea-goats were associated with wisdom and the waters. Just as Saturn hides its interior processes behind hard-to-penetrate layers so does the Capricorn. How many of us recognized the emotions there?
The Tenth House shows your public reputation. It has been called the House of Leaders and it is a result of many actions over time. It is the seeds you planted that will grow. You may, or may not, be around to share in the fruits.
